The largest teak in india with a height of 49 m and a dbh of 224. Extensively cultivated in plantations within its natural range as. Burmese teak heartwood is a uniform golden brown without markings. It is cultivated in tropical regions of asia for its valuable wood, which is used in the. Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. The first introduction of tectona grandis in indonesia took place between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries and in africa in the nineteenth century. Tectona grandis, commonly known as teak, is a tall deciduous tree that typically grows to 150 tall in its native habitat, but to about 80 in cultivation. Tectona grandis is native to south and southeast asia, mainly bangladesh, india, indonesia, malaysia, myanmar, thailand and sri lanka, but is naturalised and cultivated in many countries in africa and the caribbean.
On oct 4, 2006, nalin1 from new delhi, india zone 10a wrote. Tectona grandis teak is one of the most important tropical timber speciesoccurring naturally in india. Worldwide translocation of teakorigin of landraces and. Teak plantations have been widely established in central. Developing a dynamic growth model for teak plantations in. As there is few genetic information about lignin formation in teak, the purpose of this study is to characterize members of cad family in this species. In contrast to other pioneer species, it is able to persist. Tectona grandis caracteristicas, cultivo, cuidados, usos. In the present study, we apply genetic markers to identify the likely origin of teak grown outside its native range and examine if the landraces show signs of. A total of 420 individuals belonged to 18 native teak tectona grandis l.
Tectona grandis teak is a tropical tree with high valuable timber. Teak herb uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients. Wood properties of teak tectona grandis from a mature. Pdf genetic variation and origin of teak tectona grandis l. Teak tectona grandis is a tropical hardwood tree species placed in the flowering plant family lamiaceae. Tectona grandis is a large, deciduous tree that occurs in mixed hardwood forests. Tectona grandis article about tectona grandis by the. We compared coppiced teak plantations to paired seedorigin plantations, at ages 3, 8, and years, on forest state corporation managed land located in java. The first introduction of tectona grandis in indonesia took place between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries and in africa in the nineteenth.
Useful downloads international teak information network. Teak tectona grandis, envis centre on forestry india website, 2009. Treated teak forestry tree seeds tectona grandis buy. Tectona grandis article about tectona grandis by the free. The extension of teak plantations often started from these first introductions. It has small, fragrant white flowers and papery leaves that are often hairy on the lower surface. Teak grows in deciduous forests of asia, from india to indonesia. Teak tectona grandis is a tropical hardwood species placed in the family lamiaceae. Media in category tectona grandis the following 143 files are in this category, out of 143 total. Tectona grandis on integrated taxonomic information system.
Teak definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Longterm forest planning requires mathematical models, and the principles of dynamical systemtheory provide a solid foundation. Worldwidetranslocationofteak originoflandracesandpresent. This species was introduced to indonesia more than 100 years ago, and large plantationscovering 1. Teak works relatively easy, but due to the very high silica content it dulls cutting edges very quickly. It has small, fragrant white flowers arranged in dense clusters at the end of the branches. Abstract the first introduction of tectona grandis in indonesia took place between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries and in africa in the nineteenth century. It is native to india, myanmar burma, southeast asia, malaysia, and indonesia, but is now planted in tropical to subtropical areas throughout the globe, not only for ornamental reasons but also in plantations. The species isnativeto india, myanmar, thailand and laos in south east asia but was translocated to several countries in africa and central and south america during the past century. Gcms characterizations of termiticidal heartwood extractives. The three species are often collectively called teak. Teak grows to 4050 m in height and has large leaves 3060 cm in length. How teak is effective for various diseases is listed in repertory format. Updated for itis by the flora of north america expertise network, in connection with an update for usda plants 20072010 reference for.
Burma accounts for nearly one third of the worlds total teak production. Find teak divine hz teak wood veneer in india decowood. The cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase cad enzyme catalyzes the last step of monolignols synthesis in the lignin pathway. Extensively cultivated in plantations within its natural range as well as in tropical areas of africa and latin america. Texture is coarse, uneven and oily to the touch, sometimes with a white glistening deposit. Characterization of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene.
Tectona paris garden furniture, quality outdoor teak and. By comparison, indias 1930 seed origin cooperative experiment showed that. Lamiales of north america update, database version 2011 acquired. Developing a dynamic growth model for teak plantations in india. Mar 19, 2020 teak tectona grandis has been widely planted in 70 tropical countries because of the utility and value of its wood. Outdoor lounges, garden tables, garden chairs, steamers and sun loungers, parasols and tents. Some forms of teak are known as burmese teak, central province teak cp teak, as well as nagpur teak. Continent countryregion, distribution, last reported, origin, first reported, invasive. The plants database includes the following 1 species of tectona. Southeast asia burma, union of myanmar botanical name.
Tectona grandis is native to south and southeast asia, mainly india, indonesia,malaysia, thailand and burma, but is naturalized and cultivated in many countries in africa and the caribbean. Tectona grandis at encyclopedia of life tectona grandis at national center for biotechnology information. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. In contrast to other pioneer species, it is able to persist and dominate and to naturally regenerate towards the climax phase of succession in most parts of its natural range. Teak tectona grandis has been widely planted in 70 tropical countries because of the utility and value of its wood. Tectona definition is a small genus of trees family verbenaceae of india, malaysia, and the philippines having entire woolly leaves and paniculate cymes of small white or bluish flowers. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Today, large areas of plantations are grown outside the species native. Tectona manufacturers suppliers of tectona product and. Molecular studies show that there are two centres of genetic origin of teak. Forest nutrition and fertilization in teak tectona. Tectona is native to south and southeast asia, mainly india, pakistan, bangladesh, myanmar, indonesia and thailand, and are commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation.
Teak has been a highly appeciated timber for centuries in its region of origin. Heartwood represented 91% of the tree radius at a height of 1. Tectona article about tectona by the free dictionary. Sep 15, 2012 a member of the mint family reaching heights of 150 feet, the striking teak tree is found throughout much of southeast asia. My earliest memories of tall teak trees are as a student at boarding school in the foothills of the himalayasthe shivalik range, where teak forests on the hillsides were a common sight. Pdf what is the genetic origin of teak tectona grandis l. Teak is the wood of a tall tree with very hard, lightcoloured wood which grows in. Names of teak in various languages of the world are also given.
General estimation models for above and belowground. Tectona grandis cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 cad2 mrna, partial cds. Tectona grandis is an economically important species which is the source of most commercial teak wood. Tectona grandis introduction teak tectona grandis l. Genetic diversity and the origin of commercial plantation. Said to be the worlds biggest teak tree, it grows in parambikkulam forest, kerala, india. Tectona grandis were screened qualitatively and quantitatively for the phytochemicals.
What is the genetic origin of teak tectona grandis l. Uses, benefits, cures, side effects, nutrients in teak. This page was last edited on 9 october 2019, at 19. Continentcountryregion, distribution, last reported, origin, first reported, invasive. It is widely planted in tropical regions total planted area of 4. Beneath its scaly bark is a strong, dark gold wood that turns deep brown when exposed to air and sunlight. Native to india, burma, thailand, indochina, including indonesia, particularly java. Original paper what is the genetic origin of teak tectona. However, little information currently exists about the genetic diversity and origin of these trees. The wood quality from 50 to 70yearold tectona grandis trees from an unmanaged forest in east timor was assessed. Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Dark goldenyellow when fresh cut turning dark brown upon exposure. Teak is a pioneer species, but with a long life span.
Teak is a species of tropical hardwood that is important economically and socially e. Pdf what is the genetic origin of teak tectona grandis. Myanmar s teak forests account for nearly half of the worlds naturally occurring teak. Tectona is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the mint family, lamiaceae. Appropriate growth models, based on advanced modeling techniques,are not available but are necessary for the successful management of teak stands in the country. Teak tectona grandis is a tropical hardwood tree species placed in the flowering plant family. Genetic diversity and the origin of commercial plantation of. Wooden sculptures, doors and coffins made of teak and over. Aluminum sensitivity and optimum ca and ph requirement of teak tectona grandis linn. Species origin specific gravity extractive content % wood type tectona grandis myanmar, india 0. Forest nutrition and fertilization in teak tectona grandis. Genetic variation and origin of teak tectona grandis l. Longterm forest planning requires mathematical models, and the principles of dynamical systemtheory provide a solid. International audiencethe first introduction of tectona grandis in indonesia took place between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries and in africa in the nineteenth century.
19 396 959 1574 369 864 635 947 84 881 530 181 881 837 754 1581 571 397 1007 245 131 859 772 678 297 859 1371 743 245 509 881 427 1430 639 457