A comparable effort has to be devoted to the science of analysis. Intelligence is collected in many ways from spies, eavesdropping, technical sources, and openly. The current study used an experimental intelligence. This article needs additional citations for verification. Aug 12, 2018 an introduction to open source intelligence osint gathering the revolution of the internet has turned the world into a small village. Visit our website for other free publication downloads. However, these methods mostly rely on customary knowledge, and it is only recently that the effectiveness of various interviewing techniques in. Pavitt 90 although the cia cannot prevent all acts of terrorism, it has successfully foiled many terrorist plots.
The collection may be done openly, as when fbi agents interview witnesses or suspects, or it may be done through clandestine or covert means espionage. The senate intelligence committee report on torture. People who are not very informed on this topic most likely think that an experienced pen tester, or hacker, would be able to just sit down and start hacking away at their target without much preparation. The best open source intelligence osint tools and techniques. A novel experimental setup as well as new dependent measures was introduced to evaluate the efficacy of different human intelligence gathering techniques. There is always some tiny piece of code, a tech forum question with elaborate details, a subdomain that was long forgotten or even a pdf containing marketing material with metadata that. This effort has to start with a clear understanding of the inherent strengths and weaknesses of the primary analytic mechanismthe human mindand the way it processes information.
Despite growing interest in intelligence interviewing, there is little empirical research directly addressing interrogations conducted with the goal of collecting human intelligence humint. Continually seeking out that balance between privacy rights and the need for intelligence in an everchanging, digital world is the biggest challenge. Areas covered include intelligence collection, the intelligence cycle, and also topics such as counterintelligence and cyber intelligence. Initiative and surprise can be achi eved only if the tactical intelligence mission is effective. Release of this information has sparked a renewed debate regarding whether the use of socalled. Abstractresearch on investigative interviewing has only recently started to compare the efficacy of different techniques for gathering intelligence from human sources. The humint collectors role within the intelligence operating system. Take part in civil discourse on this topic, elect representatives who share your concerns for transparency but can also find that balanced ground where security is effective and rights are preserved. Intelligence can be about enemy weapons, troop strengths, troop movement activity, and future operational plans, to name just a few. The various means are traditionally described as intelligence disciplines or, in shorthand, ints. Humint is the collection by a trained humint collector of foreign information from people and multimedia to identify elements, intentions, composition. Full text of intelligence collection and analytical methods. There is a ton of data that can be discovered via open source intelligence gathering techniques, especially for companies who have a large online presence. Full text of intelligence collection and analytical.
Human intelligence humint is intelligence gathered by means of interpersonal contact,a category of intelligence derived from information collected and provided by human sources. Human intelligence humint this research guide contains information both current and historicalon the topic of intelligence. Compounding computer power and datascience techniques. Identifying how sleep shapes human intelligence gathering and. To examine perceptions of interrogation techniques and methods, we systematically surveyed us military and federallevel interrogators. Guide to the study of intelligence perspectives on. Criminal intelligence international association of. Some principles of human intelligence and their application dtic. For example, an intensive activity such as creating a facebook profile and analyzing the targets social network is appropriate in more advanced cases, and.
This manual provides doctrinal guidance, techniques, and procedures governing the employment of human intelligence humint collection and analytical assets in support of the commanders intelligence needs. Pdf the who, what, and why of human intelligence gathering. Sep 21, 2003 since september 11, 2001, the administration and congress have adopted a number of incremental changes designed to improve the quality and integration of intelligence information. It is iinportant to keep in mind that the sophisticated, intelligence collection techniques discussed in this course are, by their very nature, conplex and time consuming. We highly recommend that you follow the series in a sequence. Collection includes clandestine acquisition of photography, documents, and other material. This manual provides doctrinal guidance, techniques, and procedures governing the employment of human intelligence humint collection and. List of intelligence gathering disciplines wikipedia. An introduction to open source intelligence osint gathering the revolution of the internet has turned the world into a small village.
An introduction to open source intelligence osint gathering. The truth is without proper intelligence gathering a penetration test suddenly comes close to a halt because deciding on which hacking tool to use becomes very difficult since very little is known about the target. Pdf human intelligence humint represents the oldest and most elemental form of. Humint is the collection by a trained humint collector of foreign information from people and multimedia to identify elements, intentions, composition, strength, dispositions, tactics, equipment, personnel, and capabilities. Intelligencegathering methods cia intelligencegathering methods have been successful in fighting ter rorism by james l. Osint for the defense enterprise exploitation identifies the informations intelligence value. The who, what, and why of human intelligence gathering. Jan 17, 2014 so, lets take a look at a basic intelligence gathering technique used by the military, and see if we can adapt it to suit our needs. Smith 62 cooperation among domestic and foreign intelligencegathering.
Human intelligence humint, which is the oldest of the intelligence. These should guide the adding of techniques in the document below. Sep 06, 2018 this post is the second in a series of technical posts we are writing about open source intelligence osint gathering. Human rights first 2 law enforcement interrogations are an important and effective intelligence gathering tool law enforcement interrogation of terrorism suspects has produced a large amount of valuable intelligence about terrorist groups and their activities. Ircs constitute tools, techniques, or activities employed within a dimension of the information environment ie that can be used to achieve a specific end at a specific time and place. Reforms are unnecessary because the cia effectively uses all of the intelligencegathering methods allowed by law to protect the nation. Nov 02, 20 michael allen, managing director of beacon global strategies, talks about national security agency nsa surveillance and u. Intelligence gathering an overview sciencedirect topics. Smith 62 cooperation among domestic and foreign intelligence gathering.
Officers in the humint career field perform a wide variety of functions to execute and support the mission, including. Human intelligence intelligence gathering wikipedia. Concepts and practices for fraud, security and crime investigation page 1 surveillance is, quite simply, observations conducted to gain information. Aug 10, 2016 human intelligence is intelligence gathered by means of interpersonal contact, as opposed to the more technical intelligence gathering disciplines such as signals intelligence, imagery. The senate select committee on intelligence ssci released the executive summary of its study on the central intelligence agencys cia rendition, detention, and interrogation program, along with corollary reports from the ssci minority and the cia. Human intelligence humint are gathered from a person in the location in question. Intelligence and its role in protecting against terrorism. Some involve a general intelligence, some involve situational factors, and some involve both. The scharff technique, human intelligence gathering, information elicitation. New perspectives on intelligence collection and processing. In our case the targets are the major drug trafficking organizations. All possible vetted sources must be utilized to their optimal potential, including those freq uently ignored. Human intelligence, or humint, is the gathering of information through human. Steele may 2010 the views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the department of the army, the department of defense, or the u.
The united states should reform its espionage and intelligence gathering methods the united states should reform its intelligence gathering methods by john m. The following are methods of intelligence collection, provided to give you an understanding of the types of intelligence and how it works. Human intelligence is intelligence gathered by means of interpersonal contact, as opposed to the more technical intelligence gathering disciplines such as signals intelligence. This thesis is on how to elicit intelligence from human sources with the principal aim being to examine the efficacy of the tactics employed by the renowned wwii interrogator hanns scharff. So, lets take a look at a basic intelligence gathering technique used by the military, and see if we can adapt it to suit our needs.
The intelligence gathering levels are currently split into three categories, and a typical example is given for each one. Recently, kelly, miller, redlich, and kleinman 20 pro. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Tourani at present, intelligence is a diffuse concept and there are multitudes of theories that attempt to explain it. Michael allen, managing director of beacon global strategies, talks about national security agency nsa surveillance and u. The united states should reform its espionage and intelligencegathering methods the united states should reform its intelligencegathering methods by john m. We compared the efficacy of two human intelligence gathering techniques. Humint resources in the ncs are tapped when only a wellplaced human asset would have access to the intelligence needed by the president, u. Apr 11, 2017 there is a ton of data that can be discovered via open source intelligence gathering techniques, especially for companies who have a large online presence. One of them is link analysis which is dedicated to evaluate relationships between nodes.
Law enforcement interrogation of terrorism suspects. The human intelligence humint career field represents dias ability to execute its national security mission through providing actionable intelligence to warfighters working on the front lines of the nations defenses. These documents provide law enforcement officers in general, and officers assigned to the intelligence function in particular, with guidelines and principles for the collection, analysis, and distribution of intelligence information. Types of intelligence collection this research guide contains information both current and historicalon the topic of intelligence. Targetsobjectives the target of an intelligence gathering operation is selfexplanatory. Our principal techniques for gathering intelligence are. This study contributes to the existing literature using an online survey to examine the frequency of use and perceived effectiveness of interrogation methods for up to 152 military and federal. Criminal intelligence manual for frontline law enforcement. Authors of strategic studies institute ssi publications. Businesses need good intelligence to determine what investments to make in a competitive market. Within the united states, humint collection is the fbis responsibility.
Can the use of torture in intelligence gathering be justified. Research on investigative interviewing has only recently started to compare the efficacy of different techniques for gathering intelligence from human sources. This is a list of intelligence gathering disciplines. Gathering human intelligence via repeated interviewing. Since september 11, 2001, the administration and congress have adopted a number of incremental changes designed to improve. None of them satisfactorily deals with the scope of intelligence.
This study is on how to elicit intelligence from human sources. The amount of information in a developing case may strongly suggest a persons criminal activity but not meet the standard of probable cause. Human intelligence plays a critical role in developing and implementing u. Human intelligence humint is the collection of information from human sources. He was renowned for his ability to command military campaigns whose success owed a lot to his effective informationgathering and intelligenceled decisionmaking. Participants were given information about a planned terrorist attack, asked to take on the role of sources, and instructed to be semicooperative in a subsequent interview. While good intelligence is critical in combat, it is also key in all aspects of human action. This simple definition includes a plethora of techniques and methods that can be considered a form of surveillance. Committee study of the central intelligence agencys detention and interrogation program. Human intelligence humint is the collection of information from people. Procedures for the utilization of intelligence personnel and techniques. No list of osint tools is perfect, nor is it likely to be complete.
As such, the intelligence may be used for further inquiry, gathering more information to either expand or conclude the investigation. The present study attempts to remedy this gap in the. Criminal intelligence international association of chiefs. Areas covered include intelligence collection, the intelligence cycle, and also topics such as. Unleashing the internet network to billions of people worldwide to communicate and exchange digital data has shifted the entire world into what is now an information age. Intelligence gathering techniques are widely varied from human informants on the ground to satellites orbiting the earth and taking photographs of targeted locations. There are several techniques intended for humint analysis. Selfreported measures of interrogation methods article pdf available in applied cognitive psychology 286 november 2014 with 3,810 reads. A great deal of research in the past two decades has been devoted to interrogation and interviewing techniques. Humint as the gathering of information by judging and exploiting. Open source intelligence gathering 201 covering 12.
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